Identification of operation space boundary for plasma initiation and effects of EC assist
2024 Research Campaign, Heating and Current Drive
Purpose of Experiment
Under the DIII-D milestone 2024-2, this experiment will “investigate electron-cyclotron-assisted plasma initiation to determine the best relative timing between the duration-limited EC pulse and the rise in loop voltage, which will aid first plasma studies on ITER”. This experiment will contributed significantly to the efficient plasma initiation at ITER, which is essential in the humanity’s quest for fusion energy.
Experimental Approach
We scan (a) prefill gas pressure and (b) loop voltage, and measure the plasma current, density, and D alpha and C III line emissions. Using the measured parameters, we determine whether the plasma initiation was (a) successful, (b) failed to burn-through, or (c) failed to breakdown. We repeat the scan with and without the EC assist at a fixed EC power, angle, polarity, and injection time. The target shot is 194889. This shot has the prefill gas injection from -300 to -260 ms, the EC injection from -35 to -10 ms with 3 gyrotrons, +20 degrees angle, in X2 mode, and the loop voltage application from -9 ms with the control target of 8 V. Changes to the target shot are: For the EC assisted scan, the EC injection end time is changed to +20 ms so that the EC assist overlaps with the Ohmic heating. For the Ohmic scan, the EC injection is turned off. The prefill gas pressure scan is done by changing the prefill gas injection start time. Check both flow rate and on time. Stop the scan when the plasma initiation fails. The loop voltage scan is done by changing the loop voltage control target. Stop the scan when the plasma initiation fails. A successful breakdown is declared when the plasma density is above the detection threshold when the exponential increase of D alpha line emission has ended. A successful burnthrough is declared when the plasma current reaches 100 kA (i.e., the last closed flux surface is formed), or the plasma density is above the detection threshold when the exponential increase of C III line emission has ended. The target shot has the plasma current target that reaches 800 kA by 1.0 s. The scan concerns only up to 180 ms. For the remainder of the discharge, as a secondary objective, the effect of EC heating on burnthrough will be explored utilizing an extra EC heating from 500 to 600 ms with varying number of gyrotrons.
See more details, including project leads, at U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI).