2025 – Characterizing the role of neutrals on edge and divertor conditions

Characterizing the role of neutrals on edge and divertor conditions

2025 Research Campaign, Thrust: High Opacity and Density Operation

Purpose of Experiment

This experiment comprises a multi-institutional study to characterize the connection between neutral particles and critical operational parameters for future reactors, such as plasma fueling, the transition to high confinement mode (H-mode), and maintaining divertor heat loads within material limits. Future devices will require pellets for efficient core plasma fueling. These experiments will leverage recent upgrades to the DIII-D pellet injection system to evaluate the compatibility of such core transient fueling whilst stably maintaining low heat loads at the machine walls. Recent upgrades to the neutral diagnostic capabilities at DIII-D allow for extensive measurements of fueling sources via ionization. These measurements are key for validating edge plasma transport codes: a crucial step in the extrapolation of current experiments to future machines like ITER. Such measurements will also be used to enhance our understanding of the transition to H-mode – necessary for leveraging high performance core plasmas – and of asymmetries in ionization source and drift flows – necessary for optimizing divertor conditions.

Experimental Approach

This experiment looks to study of the role of fueling and divertor flows on edge plasma conditions, including the specific roles of fueling location, transient fueling sources, divertor asymmetries, and neutrals’ impact on the transition to H-mode. The fueling sources will be scanned using gas valves at various locations and pellet injection. The mobility of neutral particles will be studied for varying plasma collisionality and core impurity levels. The role of drifts and flows on divertor conditions will be investigated by varying the plasma density and input power in both toroidal field directions. Meanwhile, the role of neutrals in the transition to H-mode at the start of each discharge will be studied for a range of parameters including magnetic geometry, plasma density and toroidal field direction.

Interested in a behind-the-scenes look at DIII-D? Join us for a virtual tour during Fusion Energy Week (tour times: May 7 at 10am PDT, May 8 at 4pm PDT)! Sign up for a tour here.

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